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Impacts and Outcomes of Service-Learning in K-12 Settings: Selected Resources

This bibliography highlights research and documentation of impacts and outcomes of service-learning in K-12 settings.

Source: National Service-Learning Clearinghouse, February 2006.


Akujobi, C., & Simmons, R. (1997). Achievement test score shows teachers are making changes in their classrooms through service-learning. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan K-12 Service Learning Center.

Alt, M. N., & Medrich, E. A. (1994). Student outcomes from participation in community service. Washington, DC: MPR Associates.

Ammon, M. S., Furco, A., Chi B., & Middaugh, E. (2002). School/district and community impacts of k-12 service-learning. In B. Chi, A. Furco, E. Middaugh, & M. Ammon, Service-learning in California: A profile of the CalServe service-learning partnerships (1997-2000). Retrieved from http://www.servicelearning.org/filemanager/download/61/chap6.pdf

Andersen, S. (1998). Service learning: A national strategy for youth development. Retrieved from http://www.gwu.edu/~ccps/pop_svc.html

Billig, S. H. (2000). The effects of service learning. School Administrator, 57(7), 14-18.

Billig, S. H. (2000). Research on k-12 school-based service-learning: The evidence builds. Phi Delta Kappan, 81(9), 658-664.

Billig, S. H. (2002). Evaluation of the school district of Philadelphia freedom schools junior leader project. Denver, CO: RMC Research Corporation.

Billig, S., & Eyler, J. (Eds.). (2003). Deconstructing service-learning: Research exploring context, participation, and impacts. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

Billig, S. H., & Furco, A. (Eds.). (2002). Service-learning: The essence of the pedagogy. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

Billig, S. H., & Furco, A. (Eds.). (2002). Service-learning through a multidisciplinary lens. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

Billig, S., Root, S., & Jesse, D. (2005). The impact of participation in service-learning on high school students' civic engagement. Retrieved from http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/WorkingPapers/WP33Billig.pdf

Blyth, D. A., Satino, R., & Berkas, T. (1997). A quantitative study of the impact of service learning programs. In A. Waterman (Ed.), Service learning: Applications from the research (pp. 39-56). Mawah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Brown, S., Kim, W., & Pinhas, S. (2005). Texas title IV service-learning evaluation, 2004-2005: Interim report. Denver, CO : RMC Research Corporation.

Chapman, C., & Skinner, R. (1999). Service-learning and community service in k-12 public schools. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs99/1999043.pdf

Conrad, D., & Hedin, D. (1991). School-based community service: What we know from research and theory. Phi Delta Kappan, 72(10), 743-749.

Covitt, B. A. (2002). Motivating environmentally responsible behavior through service-learning. In A. Furco & S. Billig (Eds.), Service-learning: The essence of the pedagogy (pp. 177-197). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

Furco, A. (2002). Is service-learning really better than community service? A study of high school service. In A. Furco & S. Billig (Eds.), Service-learning: The essence of the pedagogy (pp. 23-50). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

Kahne, J., Chi, B., & Middaugh, E. (2002). CityWorks evaluation summary. Retrieved from http://www.crf-usa.org/images/pdf/cityworks_evaluation_exec.pdf

Kemis, M. (2000). A profile of service-learning in Iowa: Executive summary. Retrieved from http://www.iowa.gov/educate/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1597

Kleiner, B., & Chapman, C. (1999). Service-learning and community service among 6th- through 12th grade students in the United States: 1996 and 1999. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/2000028.pdf

Learning in Deed. (1999). Perceptions: Understanding and responding to what people think about service-learning. Washington, DC: Author.

Lieberman, G., & Hoody, L. (1998). Closing the achievement gap: Using the environment as an integrating context for learning. San Diego, CA: State Education and Environment Roundtable.

Markus, G., Howard, J., & King, D. (1993). Integrating community service and classroom instruction enhances learning: Results from an experiment. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 15(4), 410-419.

Melchior, A. (1999). National evaluation of Learn and Serve America school and community based programs: Final report. Washington, DC: Corporation for National and Community Service.

Melchior, A., & Bailis, L. N. (2002). Impact of service-learning on civic attitudes and behaviors of middle and high school youth: Findings from three evaluations. In A. Furco & S. Billig (Eds.), Service-learning: The essence of the pedagogy (pp. 201-222). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning. (1999). Motivation and academic results through service learning. St. Paul, MN: Author.

Myer, S. (2003, November). The impact of service-learning on academic outcomes: A statewide study of Michigan Learn and Serve grantees. Paper presented at the Third Annual International Conference on Service-Learning Research, Salt Lake City, UT.

National Center for Education Statistics. (1999). Percent of public schools with service-learning, by instructional level and mandatory or voluntary student participation: Academic year 1998-99 [Bar chart]. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/quicktables/Detail.asp?Key=203

National Center for Education Statistics. (1999). Percentage of public schools with service-learning, percent implementing service-learning in various ways, by instructional level: Academic year 1998-99. [Table]. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/quicktables/Detail.asp?Key=202

National Center for Education Statistics. (2001). Condition of education in 2001: Participation of grades 6-12 in community service. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/2001072_2.pdf

National Youth Leadership Council. (2006). Growing to greatness 2006: The state of service-learning project. Retrieved from http://www.nylc.org/sites/nylc.org/files/files/301G2G2006.pdf

Neal , M. (2003). Service-learning in k-12 education. Generator, 21(3), 7-11.

RMC Research Corporation. (2002). Evaluation: W.K. Kellogg foundation retrospective of k-12 service-learning projects, 1990-2000. Retrieved from http://www.servicelearning.org/filemanager/download/18/k12sl_retro.pdf

RMC Research Corporation. (2003). Colorado department of education service-learning evaluation report: Executive summary. Denver, CO: Author.

RMC Research Corporation. (2003). The impact of service-learning on MEAP: A large scale study of Michigan Learn and Serve grantees. Denver, CO: Author.

RMC Research Corporation. (2003). Research evidence for service-learning impacts. Denver, CO: Author.

Root, S., Callahan, J., & Billig, S. (2005). Improving service-learning practice: Research on models to enhance impact. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

Scales, P., Blyth, D., Berkas, T., & Kielsmeier, J. (2000). The effects of service-learning on middle school students' social responsibility and academic success. Journal of Early Adolescence, 20(3), 331-358.

Shumer, R., & Cook, C. C. (1999). The status of service-learning in the United States: Some facts and figures. Scotts Valley, CA: National Service-Learning Clearinghouse.

Skinner, R., & Chapman, C. (1999). Service-learning and community service in k-12 public schools: Statistics in brief. Education Statistics Quarterly, 1(4), 51-59.

Stewart, T. (2002). Outcomes from Catholic service-learning. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 6(4), 123-130.

Waterman, A. (1997). Service learning: Applications from the research. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.