Conceptualizing Service-Learning Research Using Ken Wilber's Integral Framework

The design of service-learning research is examined using a fourfold scheme developed by the psychologist-philosopher Ken Wilber. By interfacing Wilber's two dichotomies--the interior vs. the exterior and the individual vs. the group--researchers have access to a comprehensive ("integral") framework for conceptualizing the full range of service-learning outcomes that might be investigated. Wilber's framework can also be useful in studies that seek to identify effective strategies for increasing faculty involvement in service-learning. This article was published in the Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, Special Issue Fall 2000, pages 98-104.