An argument is presented for framing service-learning research within the context of the service experience. The contextual characteristics of service-learning are defined as those characteristics that make the program and student experiences unique. They described in this chapter as site context, background context, reflection context, and the planning context. The chapter describes each context and discusses the levels of specificity with which data can be collected and analyzed. Using real data it presents how the findings can be influenced by contextual information. An argument is presented for use of a hierarchical modeling approach that allows for interactions among different contextual levels and for consideration of these issues during the design phase of the study.

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