Blueprint for Incorporating Service Learning: A Basic, Developmental, K-12 Service Learning Typology

Citing the need for a basic, K-12 developmental framework for service-learning, this article describes such a model. This model, an inclusive typology of service-learning, distinguishes three levels of service-learning: Community Service, Community Exploration, and Community Action. The authors correlate this typology to Piaget's cognitive developmental stages tying in Bradley's three-factor Criteria for Assessing Levels of Reflection. Two types of service, direct and indirect, are explained. Implications for education, research, and the community are discussed.