Unrecognized Roots of Service-Learning in African American Social Thought and Action, 1890-1930

African American social thought has evolved to become pragmatic, urgent, and concerned with merging social theory and action. This study examines what may be considered unrecognized roots of service-learning embedded in African American social thought and action. These roots, or precursors, to service-learning are part of a community service agenda using various educational procedures and social welfare initiatives to promote race pride and influence social change. The study argues that the agenda in this historical perspective, which incorporates service-learning ideals, although not specifically identified as such, is organized social action for community-building used by African American social activists, women's groups, and educators interested in social justice and community empowerment. [author]